Acid Reflux
Acid Reflux (GERD) – Condition Overview
Acid Reflux, medically known as Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER), happens when stomach acid travels back into the food pipe (esophagus). This backflow irritates the lining of the esophagus and causes a range of uncomfortable symptoms.
When this problem becomes frequent or long-term, it is known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).
Acid reflux is common but highly manageable when properly diagnosed and treated.
Symptoms of Acid Reflux
Acid reflux presents with several noticeable symptoms. The most common is heartburn, a burning feeling in the chest or throat, usually worse after meals or at night.
Other signs can include:
- Regurgitation: Sour or acidic taste coming back into the mouth
- Chest discomfort: Sometimes confused with heart issues
- Difficulty swallowing (Dysphagia)
- Persistent cough or throat irritation
- Morning hoarseness or sore throat
- Bloating, nausea, or frequent burping
- Feeling of a lump in the throat
If these symptoms happen frequently, it may indicate GERD.
Causes of Acid Reflux
Acid reflux happens when the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) becomes weak or relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. Several factors can contribute to this condition, including:
- Spicy, fried, or acidic foods
- Chocolate, caffeine, and carbonated drinks
- Eating large or late-night meals
- Obesity or sudden weight gain
- Smoking
- Lying down immediately after eating
- Wearing tight clothing around the abdomen
- Pregnancy
- Hiatal hernia
- Certain medications such as NSAIDs, calcium channel blockers, and sedatives
If these symptoms happen frequently, it may indicate GERD.
Treatment Options for Acid Reflux
Treatment aims to reduce symptoms, protect the esophagus, and prevent flare-ups.
Lifestyle & Dietary Improvements
- Maintain a healthy body weight
- Avoid trigger foods
- Eat smaller, balanced meals
- Do not lie down for at least 2–3 hours after eating
- Raise the head of your bed during sleep
Medications
- Antacids: Provide fast, short-term relief
- H2 Blockers: Reduce stomach acid (e.g., famotidine)
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Most effective for long-term healing (e.g., omeprazole, pantoprazole)
Advanced/Surgical Treatment
For chronic or severe cases where medicines don’t help:
- Fundoplication
- Endoscopic procedures to strengthen the LES
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